Runes in Diablo 2

Runes are small objects that, like gems and jewels, have no function until they are socketed into an item.

How to use a Rune

Runes add different properties to shields or armor vs. weapons, and sometimes shields and armor differ as well. See the full runes listing here. Runes can be upgraded; 2 or 3 of one type, plus a particular gem type/quality, can be combined in the Horadric Cube to upgrade to the next higher level rune. Runes are most powerful when combined into special runewords, so be sure you check the recipes for those.

Runewords

This is where Runes really become awesome. A "RuneWord" is the term for an item that has been socketed with special Runes in the correct order. Runewords can only be fashioned in regular (gray name, 'normal') socketed items, with the precise number of sockets required for that recipe. No more and no less.
The majority of the most powerful weapons and armor in the game are runewords, though they can be difficult to obtain, since the powerful ones require very scarce, high level runes. In addition to the runes, a suitable item must be found to create the runeword in. It makes no sense to create a high damage runeword in a weapon with a low base damage, so expert players search long and hard for just the right item with just the right number of sockets, while working to store up the runes they'll need to fill them. Runewords offer all the individual bonuses of all the runes used, and in addition usually add several other bonuses. For example, any runeword containing the rune "Zod" will have the indestructible trait, along with other bonuses of the particular runeword. Runeword items may also be reset to the original unsocketed item state via a cube recipe (Runeword + Hel rune + scroll of town portal) removing all the runes, and destroying the runes in the process. Once a rune is placed into an item, it is impossible to get it back, so it is best to make sure the runes are placed in the right order, and the right weapon/armor class is used.









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